WARNING!!! Making biodiesel involves using dangerous chemicals, creating toxic fumes, and lots of heat. That said, please excercise safety and caution when attempting to make Biodiesel.
*** The Utah Biodiesel Cooperative will not be held liable for any injury, property damage, or other problems resulting from the use of this page. It is for informational purposes only. ***
Basic Production Concept
Biodiesel Production Details
Written & put together by Graydon Blair of Utah Biodiesel Supply
This method will make approximately 35 to 45 gallons of biodiesel, depending on the quality of the oil used.
1- Pouring Oil Into The Processor
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2- Heating the oil prepares it for the reaction
A candy or meat thermometer works just fine Don't use an open flame to heat the processor, fumes from the Methoxide used later may ignite--not pretty! | |
3- Titration is the process used to see how much Lye to add to processor Items Needed: Distilled Water, Isopropyl Alcohol, Lye (NaOH), Graduated Eye-Dropper, Ph Meter, 2 Small Dishes, 1 Liter container
- Dissolve 50 mL of Lye into 500 mL of Distilled Water in the 1 Liter container - You won't use all of this solution for one batch, it's just convenient to have this much on hand - When you run out, just make some more - Place 5 mL of Lye/Water Solution into Dish 1 - Place 45 mL of Distilled Water into Dish 1 - Place 40 mL of Isopropyl Alcohol into Dish 2 - Place a 4 mL sample of the heated Used Vegitable Oil into Dish 2 - Mix the contents together, keeping the mixture warm, until the oil is dissolved thoroughly - Keeping the mixture warm and mixing will help to keeping the oil from separating - Check the Ph of Dish 2 using the Ph Meter - Drop 1 mL of solution from Dish 1 into Dish 2 - Measure and record the Ph Level of Dish 2 - Repeat until the Ph level jumps up 2-3 levels - You're looking for a Ph above 8.5 - As you add drops, the Ph will increase slowly (like from 7 to 7.5) - At one point you'll notice a larger jump (like from 7.5 to 9 or 10) - When it jumps 2-3 Ph levels, it means the oil has been neutralized L = ((D / 4) + 3.5) * O D = Number of 1 mL drops placed in Dish 2 during titration O = Milli-liters of oil to be reacted L = Number of grams of Lye needed for reaction to occur -Record L for use in next step | |
4- The Lye/Methonol Mixture - "Methoxide" WARNING: THIS STEP WILL CREATE TOXIC FUMES, PLEASE TAKE NECESSARY PRECAUTIONS, DO NOT BREATH THE FUMES, WEAR GLOVES, AND BE CAREFUL Items Needed: Methanol, Lye, and (2) 5 Gallon buckets with lids
- Clean both buckets out - Drill 1/4" hole in the center of each lid - Pour 15 Liters (4 Gallons) of Methonol into each bucket - Lightly place the lids on each bucket - Take care not to breath the fumes, they're poisonous - Locate the L value from the Titration Step - Divide L by 2 to make GL - GL = Grams of Lye to use in each bucket - Measure out two sets of GL grams of Lye - Set aside for use when mixing with the Methanol - Remove the lid of the first bucket - Using a mixing stick, begin to stir the Methonol in the 1st bucket - While the Methanol is still spinning, add the premeasured Lye to the 1st bucket - Continue stirring the mixture for about 1 minute - Place the lid on loosely and allow to stand for a few minutes - Remove the lid and begin stirring again - Mix until the Lye is dissolved, approximately 10 minutes - Repeat the same process with the second bucket - Take care not to breath the fumes, they're still poisonous | |
5- Pouring "Methoxide" Into Processor
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6- Mixing The Oil causes the chemical reacation to occur
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7- Allow Oil To Separate
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8- Remove Glycerin Layer
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9- Washing The Biodiesel Washing can be done using a water mister and a bubbler
- Using a light-mist, add 15 Gallons of water to the processor - Allow processor to sit for 10 minutes - Drain off water - Using a more agressive mist, add another 15 Gallons of water - Allow processor to sit for another 10 minutes - Do not drain the water, it will be used for the Bubbling - Place bubbler at bottom of processor and turn on - Begin with a light bubble - Watch for emulsion to occur, if not occuring, turn up bubbler - Bubble Biodiesel for at least 24 hours - Turn off the bubbler | |
10- Allow Water & Oil To Separate
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11- Remove Water Layer
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12- Transfer To Storage Container The container's should be able to handle Gasoline or Diesel, as Biodiesel has a similar chemical make-up.
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13- Allow Biodiesel To Dry This step allows all of the excess moisture to evaporate out of the Biodiesel.
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14- Fill Fuel Tank
- Biodiesel should be treated much like Diesel Fuel - Pure Biodiesel can be run in vehicles in tempuratures over 40 degrees Farenheit - In cold weather it can be mixed with Diesel Fuel in a 50/50 mixture to keep it from gelling - Biodiesel tends to loosen "gunk buildup" in Diesel Fuel Tanks - You may need to replace your Fuel Filter after a few tanks - Enjoy driving on a completely renewable resource! |
Biodiesel Recipes
The method described above is just one of many way's to produce Biodiesel. Below are some links to additional methods for making Biodiesel.- Kitchen-Biodiesel based off of Tilly's World Famous Dr. Pepper Method.
- Collaborative Biodiesel Tutorial Great site teaches you how to make biodiesel.
- Basic Biodiesel Production Information from Journey to Forever. Good primer to go through before attempting to make biodiesel for your first time.
- Mike Pelly's Recipe from the Journey to Forever website. Seems to be a gold-standard for making Biodiesel among the community.
- Wikipedia Biodiesel Recipe Well written recipe for making a small batch of Biodiesel. I believe it's based off of Mike Pelly's recipe.
- World Famous Dr. Pepper Method - Part 1 Part I of a recipe for making a small batch of Biodiesel in a Dr. Pepper bottle. Followed by many the first time they make biodiesel.
- World Famous Dr. Pepper Method - Part 2 Part II for finishing up the batch made in the Dr. Pepper bottle.
- Dangerous Laboratories Great instructions for making a batch of Biodiesel for the first time. Complete with pictures and detailed instructions.
BIODIESEL AND CHEMICAL HANDLING GUIDELINES (MSDS Sheets)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),
- Soy Gold Biodiesel MSDS Soy Gold Biodiesel MSDS
- Iowa State University Methanol MSDS: Methanol MSDS
- Iowa State University Ethanol 95% MSDS: Ethanol 95% MSDS
- Iowa State University Sodium Hydroxide MSDS: Sodium Hydroxide MSDS
- Iowa State University Potassium Hydroxide 2M:Sodium Hydroxide MSDS
- Iowa State University Sulfuric Acid 18M MSDS: Sulfuric Acid 18M MSDS
Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards . GUIDE
Iowa State University Glycerine MSDS: Glycerine MSDS